And there it is! I was going to ask what you were editing with, but you've already answered.
Using a comp with 4GB of RAM and wondering about slow rendering effects in AE is the equivalent of entering the Indy 500 with an '87 Corolla and wondering why you lost.

Adobe products are NOT processor intensive like the Sony products are. They have different needs, and After Effects needs RAM like a fish needs water.
I wouldn't expect "quick" rendering with less than 12GB of RAM, but any RAM that you could add would improve performance. And if you're using CS5, make sure your graphics card is CUDA compatible (generally speaking, it would need to be a late model NVIDIA card, but there are others), that will make a MAJOR difference in performance. Adobe enabled hardware acceleration, and it's pretty cool if you're machine meets the specs.